成果｜史新杰研究员独作论文在Journal of Asian Economics发表
近日，浙江大学中国农村发展研究院史新杰研究员独立撰写的论文——Inequality of opportunity in earnings in rural China，被Journal of Asian Economics录用并在线发表。Journal of Asian Economics是爱思唯尔（Elsevier）旗下亚洲经济研究知名期刊。
Abstract：
This paper explores the role of ‘inequality of opportunity’ in individual earnings in rural China, which is attributed to ‘circumstantial’ factors over which individuals have no control, including family background, gender, ethnic minority status and region of birth. These circumstances are contrasted with ‘efforts’ or choices that individuals make, which also impact on their individual earnings. Utilising the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) 2014, I measure the share of inequality of opportunity in the overall inequality of individual annual earnings for the entire sample and for each of four ten-year birth cohorts in rural China. The empirical results revealed that the share of inequality of opportunity in individual earnings for the full sample is 20.4% of the GE(0) coefficient. The adoption of machine learning methods provides a wide range of estimates between 16.4% (regression tress) and 25.4% (forests). Across all birth cohorts, gender is consistently the largest single contributor to inequality of opportunity, while family background is relatively more important for younger cohorts. A closer investigation indicates that those who find themselves in the worst circumstances are likely to exert lower level of effort, not because they don’t want to try harder, but because their circumstances prevent them from doing so.
◇ 文章概要：
本文使用机会不平等研究框架对中国农村的收入机会不平等进行了系统研究，探讨了家庭背景、性别、出生地等个体出生即决定且一定程度上无法改变的机会要素如何影响农村个体可以努力的空间，进而对群体收入差异产生影响。基于中国劳动力动态调查2014年数据，本文测算了农村全样本和不同出生队列的机会不平等系数。基于参数估计的测算发现，中国农村的收入机会不平等为20.4%。同时本文使用机器学习方法进一步测得该系数在16.4%（回归树）和25.4%（森林）之间。本文的分解结果进一步显示，性别是对机会不平等贡献最大的要素，而家庭背景对于年轻群体来说更为重要。同时，本文的研究揭示了一个现状：处在机会最弱势的农村群体往往努力程度也最低，但原因不在于这部分群体不想努力，而在于这些先天的机会要素决定了他们的努力空间有限。
◇ 原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1049007822000550
◇ 个人简介：
史新杰，获得澳大利亚国立大学经济学博士与浙江大学管理学博士，现为浙江大学“百人计划”研究员、博士生导师，任教于浙江大学公共管理学院农经系、浙江大学中国农村发展研究院（浙大“卡特”）。史新杰博士的研究重点关注农村经济社会转型发展的一系列议题，主要包括：（1）农村的要素配置（农村劳动力流动和土地流转）对农业生产、收入、消费等方面产生的影响；（2）农村人口人力资本积累（农民工、留守人口的营养健康与教育相关议题）；（3）收入不平等、贫困与机会不平等。其成果发表于《管理世界》、Health Economics、World Development、Journal of Rural Studies等国内外期刊。