国际视野 | Nature Climate Change-2019第6期
Volume 9 Issue 6,
June 2019
Image:
Dennis Frates / Alamy Stock Photo.
Cover Design:
Tulsi Voralia.
输
Ghost forests
Ghost forests, like the one on the Pacific coast in Neskowin, Oregon, USA, pictured on the cover, are created by the submergence of low-lying forest land and are one of the most striking illustrations of climate change impacts. In this issue, the physical and ecological mechanisms that influence sea-level driven land conversion of forests to marshes are reviewed, with a focus on the Atlantic coast of North America.
译：幽灵森林
幽灵森林，如图所示的美国俄勒冈州Neskowin太平洋沿岸的幽灵森林，是由低洼的林地被淹没而形成，是气候变化影响最引人注目的例证之一。在这个问题上，回顾了影响海平面驱动的森林土地转变为沼泽的物理和生态机制，重点关注北美大西洋沿岸。
See Kirwan and Gedan.
Editorial
Editorial | 28 May 2019
Lobbying for and against climate solutions
New voices in the climate movement appear keenly aware that they face well-funded, long-entrenched interests inhibiting sensible climate change policy. Getting a grip on when and how lobbying impacts policy is key to translating calls for ‘climate action’ into feasible policies.
译：对于气候解决方案的游说与反对
气候运动中的新声音似乎敏锐地意识到，他们面临着资金充足，长期存在的利益，阻碍了合理的气候变化政策。掌握游说何时以及如何影响政策是将“气候行动”的呼吁转化为可行政策的关键。
Comment
Comment | 06 May 2019
The rhetorical limitations of the #FridaysForFuture movement
The students striking for action on climate change admirably display civic engagement on a pressing issue. Nevertheless, their movement’s message focuses far too heavily on the need to ‘listen to science’, which is at most a point of departure for answering the ethical and political questions central to climate action.
Darrick Evensen
译：#FridaysForFuture运动的局限
在气候变化方面采取行动的学生，其对紧迫问题的公民参与令人钦佩。 然而，他们的运动信息过于关注“听科学”的必要性，但这最多只是回答气候行动的核心伦理和政治问题的出发点。
Comment | 06 May 2019
The broader importance of #FridaysForFuture
The #FridaysForFuture campaign has prompted unprecedented numbers of youth to join the climate movement around the world. This growing movement is important beyond its potential impact on climate policy because it is creating a cohort of citizens who will be active participants in democracy.
Dana R. Fisher
译：#FridaysForFuture更广义的重要性
#FridaysForFuture活动促使大量青年人加入世界各地的气候运动，规模前所未有。这种不断增长的运动很重要，因为它除了对气候政策的潜在影响外，正在创造一批将成为民主的积极参与者的公民。
Comment | 13 May 2019
Climate-conscious consumers and the buy, bank, burn program
Manipulation of European Union emission trading systems (ETS) by the buy, bank, burn program compensates unregulated emissions while regulated sectors carry a large part of the burden. This distorts the balance between regulated firms and non-regulated projects, so parties outside the EU ETS can be virtuous at the cost of others.
Reyer Gerlagh & Roweno J. R. K. Heijmans
译：注重气候的消费者以及“买入-银行-燃烧”计划
“买入-银行-燃烧”计划补偿了欧盟排放交易系统（ETS）不受管制的排放，而受监管的部门则承担了很大一部分负担。 这扭曲了受监管企业与非监管项目之间的平衡，因此欧盟排放交易体系以外的各方可以以其他方式为代价。
Research Highlights
Research Highlight | 28 May 2019
Banana disease risk
Adam Yeeles
译：香蕉病的风险
Research Highlight | 28 May 2019
Delayed wet season
Baird Langenbrunner
译：延迟的雨季
Research Highlight | 28 May 2019
Academic air travel
Jenn Richler
译：学术性航空旅行
Research Highlight | 28 May 2019
Cool gas in warm summers
Laura Zinke
译：炎热夏天的凉爽气体-二甲基硫醚（DMS）
News & Views
News & Views | 06 May 2019
Children teach their parents
Public education for youth can influence future generations, but it typically does not create outcomes for those who need to vote on policies and create change today. A new study suggests that well-designed instructional units can foster family interactions that increase adult concern about climate change.
Martha C. Monroe
译：孩子们教育父母
青年的公共教育可以影响后代，但它通常不会为那些需要在政策上投票并在今天创造变革的人创造成果。一项新研究表明，精心设计的教学单元可以促进家庭互动，增加成年人对气候变化的关注。
News & Views | 27 May 2019
Costs of climate politics
Corporations devote massive amounts of resources to lobby policy makers in the United States. New research highlights the channels through which direct lobbying has blocked climate legislation, and evaluates the resulting social welfare loss.
Fabien Prieur
译：气候政治的代价
公司投入大量资源来游说美国的政策制定者。新的研究突出了直接游说阻碍气候立法的渠道，并评估了由此产生的社会福利损失。
News & Views | 13 May 2019
Old Arctic carbon stability
The Arctic stores vast amounts of soil carbon, much of which is likely to be lost to the atmosphere as the climate warms. A clever new analytical approach suggests that even carbon that has been stored for hundreds to thousands of years is vulnerable to warming.
Richard Conant
译：老北极碳稳定
北极地区储存了大量的土壤碳，随着气候变暖，大部分土壤碳可能会流失到大气中。一种聪明的新分析方法表明，即使储存数百至数千年的碳也容易受到变暖的影响。
News & Views | 13 May 2019
The potential cost of nudges
‘Nudge’ interventions, such as green energy defaults, may be simple and cost-effective ways to address climate change and can complement more substantive climate policies. But, new research finds that information about a nudge policy lowers support for a carbon tax, unless that nudge policy is described as part of a comprehensive approach.
Alexander Maki
译：“推动”的潜在成本
“推动”干预措施，例如绿色能源违约，可能是应对气候变化的简单且具有成本效益的方法，可以补充更实质性的气候政策。但是，新的研究发现，关于推动政策的信息降低了对碳税的支持，除非将推动政策描述为综合方法的一部分。
Perspectives
Perspective | 27 May 2019
Tracking global climate change adaptation among governments
The Paris Agreement places new emphasis on the need to take stock of adaptation progress. This Perspective discusses the conceptual and methodological challenges associated with monitoring adaptation and provides a comprehensive framework for tracking progress among governments.
Lea Berrang-Ford, Robbert Biesbroek[…] & S. Jody Heymann
译：跟踪政府间的全球气候变化适应
“巴黎协定”重新强调了评估适应进展的必要性。本文讨论了与监测适应相关的概念和方法的挑战，并为跟踪政府间的进展提供了一个综合框架。
Review Articles
Review Article | 27 May 2019
Sea-level driven land conversion and the formation of ghost forests
A review of the phenomenon of low-lying ‘ghost forests’, and the physical and ecological mechanisms that control their occurrence in the context of sea level rise, with a focus on the Atlantic Coast of North America.
Matthew L. Kirwan & Keryn B. Gedan
译：海平面驱动的土地转换和“鬼林”的形成
回顾低洼“鬼林”的现象，以及在海平面上升的背景下控制它们发生的物理和生态机制，重点是北美大西洋沿岸。
Letters
Letter | 06 May 2019
Children can foster climate change concern among their parents
Public concern about climate change is difficult to motivate. This study finds an increase in climate change concern among parents after their middle school-aged children participated in a climate change school curriculum.
Danielle F. Lawson, Kathryn T. Stevenson[…] & Erin Seekamp
译：儿童可以促进父母对气候变化的关注
公众对气候变化的关注很难激发。这项研究发现，在中学学龄儿童参加气候变化学校课程后，父母对气候变化的担忧有所增加。
Letter | 27 May 2019
Potential for low-cost carbon dioxide removal through tropical reforestation
There is a growing need to find cost-effective options for greenhouse gas abatement. In this study, spatially disaggregated marginal abatement cost curves are developed to facilitate economic appraisal of tropical reforestation.
Jonah Busch, Jens Engelmann[…] & Priya Shyamsundar
译：通过热带重新造林去除低成本二氧化碳的潜力
越来越需要寻找具有成本效益的温室气体减排方案。在这项研究中，开发了空间分解的边际减排成本曲线，以促进热带重新造林的经济评估。
Letter | 13 May 2019
14C evidence that millennial and fast-cycling soil carbon are equally sensitive to warming
Natural abundance radiocarbon is used to evaluate temperature sensitivities across Arctic soil carbon pools from Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Temperature sensitivity was consistent across pools irrespective of native decomposition rate.
Lydia J. S. Vaughn & Margaret S. Torn
译：14 C证明千年和快速循环的土壤碳对变暖同样敏感
天然丰度放射性碳用于评估来自阿拉斯加Utqiaġvik的北极土壤碳库的温度敏感性。无论天然分解速率如何，温度敏感性在整个碳库中是一致的。
Articles
Article | 27 May 2019
The social cost of lobbying over climate policy
Political interests play a key role in the passage of climate policy. This study quantifies that political lobbying reduced the probability of enacting the Waxman–Markey bill in the United States by 13 percentage points, representing US$60 billion in expected climate damages.
Kyle C. Meng & Ashwin Rode
译：游说气候政策的社会成本
政治利益在气候政策的通过中发挥着关键作用。该研究量化了政治游说，使在美国颁布Waxman-Markey法案的可能性降低了13个百分点，预计气候损失达600亿美元。
Article | 27 May 2019
Resistance to ocean acidification in coral reef taxa is not gained by acclimatization
Calcifying marine species are threatened by ocean acidification. A year-long study of calcifying fluid chemistry shows that reef species, both corals and calcifying macroalgal species, were not able to adapt to ocean acidification.
S. Comeau, C. E. Cornwall[…] & M. T. McCulloch
译：珊瑚礁类群不能通过适应环境提高对海洋酸化的抵抗力
正在钙化的海洋物种受到海洋酸化的威胁。一项为期一年的钙化液化学研究表明，珊瑚物种，珊瑚和钙化大型藻类，都无法适应海洋酸化。
Article | 13 May 2019
Nudging out support for a carbon tax
Behavioural interventions aimed at curbing carbon emissions are inexpensive and easy to implement but can offer the false promise of a quick fix. Across six experiments, the authors show that exposure to a green energy nudge diminishes support for carbon taxes.
David Hagmann, Emily H Ho & George Loewenstein
译：推动对碳税的支持
旨在抑制碳排放的行为干预既便宜又易于实施，但却提供快速解决的错误承诺。作者表明，在六个实验中，绿色能源推动减少了对碳税的支持。
来源：
Nature Climate Change
说明：
小编翻译了部分题目及摘要，但专业能力有限，若有不当之处，还请读者指正！
整理、排版：地小联
责任编辑：梁龙武
审核：任宇飞、王波涛
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