全文链接：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14779552/2022/73/3 ORIGINAL ARTICLESEstimating dynamic market efficiency frontiersYali Mu, Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel A note on the correspondence between horizontal and vertical price transmissionHenry W. Kinnucan Molecular marketing, personalised information and willingness-to-pay for functional foods: Vitamin D enriched eggsLuca Panzone, Guy Garrod, Felice Adinolfi, Jorgelina Di Pasquale Consumers’ food control risk perception and preference for food safety certification in emerging food marketsOluwagbenga Akinwehinmi, Kolawole Ogundari, Taye Timothy Amos The political economy of maximum residue limits: A long-term health perspectiveDavid Karemera, Bo Xiong, Gerald Smalls, Louis Whitesides Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome-based payment for ecosystem service scheme in JapanKatsuya Tanaka, Nicholas Hanley, Laure Kuhfuss Climate change adaptation and productive efficiency of subsistence farming: A bias-corrected panel data stochastic frontier approachFissha Asmare, Jūratė Jaraitė, Andrius Kažukauskas Societal preferences for the conservation of traditional pig breeds and their agroecosystems: Addressing preference heterogeneity and protest responses through deterministic allocation and scale-extended modelsElsa Varela, Zein Kallas Mobile phones, off-farm employment and household income in rural IndiaPallavi Rajkhowa, Matin Qaim Experimental auctions with exogenous and endogenous information treatment: Willingness to pay for improved parboiled rice in BeninEspérance Zossou, Rose Fiamohe, Simple Davo Vodouhe, Matty Demont Lower price increases, the bounded rationality of bidders, and underbidding concerns in online agricultural land auctions: The Ukrainian caseOlena Myrna The relative performance of ex-ante and ex-post measures to mitigate hypothetical and strategic bias in a stated preference studySergio Colombo, Wiktor Budziński, Mikołaj Czajkowski, Klaus Glenk Exploring adoption effects of subsidies and soil fertility management in MalawiMakaiko G. Khonje, Christone Nyondo, Lemekezani Chilora, Julius H. Mangisoni, Jacob Ricker-Gilbert, William J. Burke Heterogeneous farm-size dynamics and impacts of subsidies from agricultural policy: Evidence from FranceLegrand D. F. Saint-Cyr PRIZE ESSAY COMPETITIONA competitive marketplace or an unfair competitor? An analysis of Amazon and its best sellers ranksChinonso E. Etumnu NOTEDo quality incentive payments improve cooperative performance? The case of small French agricultural cooperativesIbrahima Barry, Damien Rousselière Estimating dynamic market efficiency frontiersYali Mu Stephan von Cramon-TaubadelAbstract：Past studies have used standard regression techniques to explain variation in estimated measures of the strength and speed of price transmission. We propose an alternative method for benchmarking the magnitude and the speed of restoring market efficiency that combines cointegration analysis with frontier estimation methods. The use of frontier methods highlights that market efficiency is a relative concept, and it provides a convenient way of accounting for sampling error in estimated measures of price transmission. We illustrate the proposed method using price data from 30 provincial pork markets in China from 2000 to 2017. As expected, the frontier magnitude and speed of restoring market efficiency both fall with increasing distance between two markets. We find significant province effects in the magnitude of market efficiency. Provinces located farther to the south and west display lower levels of market efficiency than those located in the northeast and central regions of China. A note on the correspondence between horizontal and vertical price transmissionHenry W. KinnucanAbstract：Horizontal (vertical) elasticities of price transmission in a competitive market can be positive or negative in sign depending on whether observed changes in market prices are triggered by shifts in the supply or demand for the commodity or by changes in trade (marketing) costs. These facts suggest estimates of horizontal (vertical) elasticities of price transmission obtained from empirical models that exclude trade (marketing) costs will suffer from attenuation bias. The attenuation bias is apt to cause inferences about market efficiency to be more pessimistic than is warranted. Molecular marketing, personalised information and willingness-to-pay for functional foods: Vitamin D enriched eggsLuca Panzone Guy Garrod Felice Adinolfi Jorgelina Di PasqualeAbstract：Increasingly, the health claims made by food products focus on the marketing of specific molecular enrichments. Research exploring consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for health claims assumes that individuals hold perfect information on the benefits of the enrichment, and that their valuations depend solely on whether or not they need to improve their health. While health interventions are aimed at individuals at higher health risk, consumers may be unaware of the health risks that they face, limiting the effectiveness of a generic targeting strategy. Using an orthogonal experimental design, we explore the impact of two factors on the WTP for vitamin D enrichment in eggs: whether the information is person-specific or generic; and the presence of a health claim explaining the vitamin D enrichment. Results indicate that it is the provision of information, not the health claim, that influences WTP. Both generic and personalised information lead to similar increases in the WTP for vitamin D enrichment. While we only observe a direct effect of generic information on the WTP for vitamin D enrichment, personal information may also operate by increasing the perceived risk of vitamin D deficiency. Our results support the use of personalised health information during the choice task as a means of increasing the sales of healthy products. Consumers’ food control risk perception and preference for food safety certification in emerging food marketsOluwagbenga Akinwehinmi Kolawole Ogundari Taye Timothy AmosAbstract：Food safety as a credence food attribute potentially leaves room for adverse selection arising from information asymmetry between consumers and suppliers. To mitigate this market inefficiency, certification works effectively when a credible control system is in place. However, in a situation where control is weak and uncoordinated, introducing certification may encounter consumer-related behavioural barriers. The case of weak food control in an emerging market in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) gives us a unique opportunity to stochastically link consumers’ perception of the food control system to preference for different food safety certification options. We test the hypothesis that this perception induces consumers to depend on subjective cue food safety attributes. Using choice experiment data, we estimate a hybrid choice model that includes consumers’ perceptions of food control, accounting for measurement errors and endogeneity bias. Our results show that a strong preference for food safety may not translate into a positive valuation of any of the certification schemes when we control for consumer perception of food control. Consumers are likely to rely more on subjective cue attributes if they have negative perceptions of food control. When such cue attributes are susceptible to market manipulation, consumers become more vulnerable to the risk of adverse selection in the food market. We recommend combining market mechanisms with strengthened food control systems and boosting consumers’ confidence in food control to address asymmetric information problems in emerging food markets. The political economy of maximum residue limits: A long-term health perspectiveDavid Karemera Bo Xiong, Gerald Smalls Louis WhitesidesAbstract：Maximum residue limit (MRL) is the primary policy instrument to regulate the application of pesticides in agri-food sectors. Partially due to the lack of scientific consensus on risk assessments, the prescriptions of MRLs vary substantially across markets and products. We provide the first empirical analysis of the political economy of MRLs at the market-product-chemical level, while accounting for long-term toxicological effects of the regulated substances. Applying a Poisson model to the Health Scores derived from both the literal MRLs and their long-run health impacts, we find that countries spending more on public health set more restrictive MRLs. We also find that countries possessing comparative advantages in fruits and vegetables adopt more lenient MRLs. Finally, products subject to lower tariffs are generally taxed with tougher MRLs. Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome-based payment for ecosystem service scheme in JapanKatsuya Tanaka Nicholas Hanley Laure KuhfussAbstract：We estimate farmers’ preferences for outcome-based (or results-based) payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan. To this end, we use a two-stage stated preference approach—the first stage models farmers’ decisions to adopt outcome-based contracts using a discrete choice experiment. The second stage estimates the areas of land which farmers who choose to participate will enrol in the scheme. Based on a sample of 333 respondents, our results show that most farmers are willing to participate in outcome-based contacts. A variety of contract attributes are found to influence farmers’ decisions on participation. However, once a farmer decides to participate, their decision on how much farmland to enrol in is likely to be influenced solely by the per-hectare payment. Therefore, to encourage more farmers to participate and enrol more farmland, policy-makers’ decisions on the level of payments offered are critically important. Climate change adaptation and productive efficiency of subsistence farming: A bias-corrected panel data stochastic frontier approachFissha Asmare Jūratė Jaraitė Andrius KažukauskasAbstract：We explore the impact of climate change adaptation on the technical efficiency of Ethiopian farmers using panel data collected from 6820 farm plots. We employ Green's (2010) stochastic frontier approach and propensity score matching to address selection bias. Our results reveal that climate change adaptation improves the efficiency of maize, wheat and barley production. We also show that failure to account for selection bias underestimates the average efficiency level. Our findings imply that the expansion of climate change adaptation at larger scales will provide a double benefit by curbing climate-related risks and increasing the efficiency of farmers. Moreover, increasing credit access and introducing mechanisms that allow farmers to get enough water during the main growing season will enhance the efficiency of subsistence farmers. Societal preferences for the conservation of traditional pig breeds and their agroecosystems: Addressing preference heterogeneity and protest responses through deterministic allocation and scale-extended modelsElsa Varela Zein KallasAbstract：We assess preferences of inhabitants of the island of Majorca (Spain) for the conservation of traditional, extensively reared Majorcan Black Pigs and the linked agroecosystem, using a choice experiment. Up to 35% of our respondents registered protest responses. We examine alternative methods of dealing with and accounting for these protests. We find that free allocated models report better information criteria estimates but may give rise to interpretation difficulties. Our preferred model in terms of performance and interpretability is a 3-class model where protest responses are deterministically allocated to one class and random parameters are included to account for heterogeneity. Among the non-protesting classes, we find heterogeneous preferences where 40% of the respondents are mostly concerned with management and product innovation and 24% more breed-concerned respondents favour price increases in breed-based products to fund improvement of the agroecosystem. Mobile phones, off-farm employment and household income in rural IndiaPallavi Rajkhowa Matin QaimAbstract：Rural households in developing countries often depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, many also pursue off-farm economic activities either to complement their farm income or because they lack access to agricultural land. Rural off-farm employment is often informal and temporary. Searching for jobs can be associated with high transaction costs, which may be a constraint on some households’ participation in off-farm employment. The increasing spread of mobile phones may help to reduce these transaction costs. Here, we test the hypothesis that mobile phone ownership increases rural households’ participation in off-farm employment and—through this mechanism—also improves household income. We use nationally representative panel data from rural India and regression models with household fixed effects to control for confounding factors and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that mobile phone ownership is positively associated with the likelihood of participating in various types of off-farm employment, including casual wage labour, salaried employment and non-agricultural self-employment. This association is larger in female-headed than in male-headed households. The estimates also show that mobile phone ownership is positively associated with household income, partly channelled through the off-farm employment mechanism. Experimental auctions with exogenous and endogenous information treatment: Willingness to pay for improved parboiled rice in BeninEspérance Zossou Rose Fiamohe Simple Davo Vodouhe Matty DemontAbstract：The impact of information as an extrinsic quality cue on consumers’ valuation of intrinsic food quality attributes can be captured by incorporating ‘information treatments’ in experimental auctions. We combine ‘exogenous’ information treatments (a video broadcast and a radio transcript) on the benefits of a locally produced improved rice processing technology with an ‘endogenous’ information treatment which elicits word-of-mouth exchange among consumers. We assess the effects of these information treatments on consumers’ choice and valuation of parboiled rice with upgraded quality in two urban markets in Benin. We find that exogenous information increases market share of the locally produced improved product by 14% at the expense of the competing, imported product, an effect which is further amplified by 11% through endogenous information. Endogenous information has a dampening effect on price premiums though; while visual and auditory information added 6–14% value to local rice, word-of-mouth reduced the value by 2%. Lower price increases, the bounded rationality of bidders, and underbidding concerns in online agricultural land auctions: The Ukrainian caseOlena MyrnaAbstract：Auction theory suggests that bidders follow a dominant strategy that is to submit the highest bid equal to the bidder's true valuation in an ascending price auction with independent and private values. Bidders in real-world auctions may deviate from this strategy, resulting in either underbidding—submitting bids lower than the valuation—or overbidding—bidding an amount in excess of the real value. This study utilises data collected from online agricultural land lease auctions in Ukraine that took place between October 2018 and September 2019 to analyse the occurrence of minimal price increases, which may indicate underbidding. It investigates if factors—auction and property characteristics—that typically explain deviations from the dominant strategy—can also explain bidding behaviours in land lease auctions. The estimation using a heteroscedastic probit model reveals that underbidding could reasonably be attributed to low competition, insufficient time to place a subsequent bid, very small bid increments, and cumbersome entry fees. The relative performance of ex-ante and ex-post measures to mitigate hypothetical and strategic bias in a stated preference studySergio Colombo Wiktor Budziński Mikołaj Czajkowski Klaus GlenkAbstract：Bias related to the hypothetical setting remains controversial regarding the reliability and validity of value estimates from discrete choice experiments (DCEs). This has motivated a large body of literature to investigate approaches for mitigating hypothetical and strategic bias. Our study provides further evidence to inform this debate by testing whether a combination of ex-ante or ex-post mitigation strategies might be effective in reducing bias in DCEs. Specifically, we employ individual and multiple ex-ante reminders alongside an ex-post data treatment and analyse how their individual or joint use affects willingness to pay (WTP) estimates. The econometric analysis makes use of innovative semi-parametric logit-mixed logit in addition to the state-of-the-art mixed logit model. The empirical case study focuses on preferences for the environmental and social impacts of organic olive production. By comparing the three experimental treatments with a control treatment, we test whether ex-ante cheap talk, a reminder of the project's relative spatial extent, or a combination of both affect stated WTP. In addition, we use an ex-post data treatment to correct WTP estimates. WTP estimates of treatments related to ex-ante mitigation strategies did not differ significantly from those obtained from a control treatment with standard budget constraint reminders. However, the ex-post approach results in a significant reduction in mean WTP estimates and is used to investigate whether the observed choice inconsistencies are due to unintentional errors or strategic behaviour. We argue that ex-post mechanisms deserve greater attention and highlight the need to distinguish strategic behaviour from other sources of hypothetical bias. Exploring adoption effects of subsidies and soil fertility management in MalawiMakaiko G. Khonje Christone Nyondo Lemekezani Chilora Julius H. Mangisoni Jacob Ricker-Gilbert William J. BurkeAbstract：Farm input subsidies and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) technologies are popular policy interventions in sub-Saharan Africa, often with the stated goals of increasing crop yields and incomes while reducing hunger and poverty. However, little is known about the combined adoption effects of input subsidies and ISFM technologies on farm productivity and household nutrition in developing countries. Using a decade of nationally representative panel data from Malawi, we analyse joint adoption effects of input subsidies and ISFM technologies on smallholder household welfare. We use multivariate probit, dynamic random effects probit, and multinomial endogenous treatment effects models to account for selection bias and endogeneity originating from both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that participation in a farm input subsidy programme is strongly associated with a 15–29 percentage point increase in the probabilities of adoption of three ISFM technologies: conservation agriculture, soil and water conservation, and organic fertiliser. Furthermore, we find that the joint use of input subsidies and ISFM technologies increased crop income and micronutrient consumption by at least 12%. Our findings suggest that the joint use of input subsidies and ISFM technologies are among potential strategies to address low productivity and nutritional insecurity through improvements in soil health. Heterogeneous farm-size dynamics and impacts of subsidies from agricultural policy: Evidence from FranceLegrand D. F. Saint-CyrAbstract：This article aims at investigating the impact of financial supports from agricultural policy on farm-size dynamics. Since not all farms may behave alike, a non-stationary mixed-Markov chain modelling (M-MCM) approach is applied to capture unobserved heterogeneity in the movements of farms across economic size (ES) classes. A multinomial logit specification is used for transition probabilities and the parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method and the Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm. An empirical application to an unbalanced panel from 2000 to 2018 shows that French farming consists of ‘almost stayers’, with a high probability of remaining in the same ES class over time, and ‘likely movers’, which present a higher probability of a change in size. The results also show that the impact of subsidies and other economic factors depends greatly on the type that a farm belongs to. These findings confirm that individual characteristics of farmers may be relevant for policy efficiency and more attention should thus be paid to unobserved farm heterogeneity in both policy design and the assessment of their impacts on farm-size dynamics. A competitive marketplace or an unfair competitor? An analysis of Amazon and its best sellers ranksChinonso E. EtumnuAbstract：To assess the performance of third-party sellers relative to Amazon, this study estimates the effect of different sales strategies on Amazon's reported best sellers rank (BSR) of ground coffee in the USA and Canada and red wine in the United Kingdom using a fixed-effects model. The products are either ‘sold and shipped by Amazon’ (Amazon), ‘sold by the third-party seller and fulfilled by Amazon’ (FBA), or ‘sold and fulfilled by a third-party merchant’ (FBM). For each of the grocery products and in all empirical specifications, FBM increases the BSR, reducing the relative sales performance of the product in its category. Specifically, FBM increases the BSR of grocery products by 60% relative to Amazon whereas the effect of FBA on BSR is mostly indistinguishable from the effect of Amazon on BSR. These results suggest that Amazon and FBA mostly perform equivalently, but both sales strategies outperform FBM. However, whether the relatively poor performance of the third-party (FBM) shippers and sellers is due to unfair competition by Amazon remains an open question. Do quality incentive payments improve cooperative performance? The case of small French agricultural cooperatives Ibrahima Barry Damien RousselièreAbstract：Small agricultural cooperatives are increasingly using differentiated payments based on the quality of their members’ products. Such cooperatives make a trade-off between the return on investment in quality and members’ disengagement from the cooperative. Based on data from the five-year survey of small French agricultural cooperatives, we analyse the effect of incentive payments on small cooperatives’ performances. We investigate how incentive payments can reduce the problem of free riders and improve these cooperatives’ reputation. Using a quantile regression method, while controlling for the potential endogeneity of incentive payments, we show that quality-based compensation can rule out cooperative members’ defrauding options. This remuneration has a non-linear positive effect on small cooperatives’ performances. The results suggest that incentive payments improve small cooperatives’ performances. ——END 相关阅读：