政府创新引领与中国高技术产业突围

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第10期 页码：4 - 18  online：2022年10月3日

政府创新引领与中国高技术产业突围

Government Innovation Leadership and China’s High-tech Industry Breakthrough

作者（中）：李若曦 , 周小亮

作者（英）：Li Ruoxi, Zhou Xiaoliang 

作者单位：福州大学 经济与管理学院，福建 福州 350108

摘要：目前面对有限资源和时间的双重约束，应提倡 “有效市场”和“有为政府”相结合，充分发挥中国特色社会主义市场经济制度优势，依托顶层设计，以政府创新引领实现科技“破局”。立足于统筹发展和安全的时代要求，文章探讨了政府创新引领对高技术产业全要素生产率（TFP）增长率的作用机制、影响路径和渠道异质性，从而分析在顶层设计下高技术产业突围过程中的成效与困难。研究发现，政府创新引领可通过技术效应与信号效应两机制推动高技术产业TFP增长率的提升。通过渠道异质性发现，积极效应主要来源于研发机构渠道，而由政府创新引领对高技术产业创新影响的路径检验可知，高校和企业渠道整体效应不显著的主因在于投入产出的不匹配而非对产业创新无积极影响。检验还发现，在影响路径上，对于技术效应而言，研发机构渠道侧重成品技术转移，高校渠道侧重通过科学知识产出与产业自主创新相协同来发挥作用，企业渠道可通过直接技术产出以及与产业自主创新和协同创新相协同两条路径助力TFP增长率提升，而信号效应主要通过影响产业自主创新发挥作用。另外，现阶段高技术产业自主创新与协同创新对TFP增长率的正向效应有限，而政府创新引领有助于自主创新发挥积极作用，但与产业主动对外寻求的协同创新存在技术方向上的不匹配。因此，在国家战略下的“产学研用”的融合需要政府的有效引导。

关键词：政府创新引领; 全要素生产率; 顶层设计; 国家科技战略; 协同创新网络    

Summary: Government innovation leadership is an important booster for the breakthrough of China’s high-tech industry under the dual resistance of increasing external containment pressure and increasing difficulty of internal scientific and technological research, as well as coordinating development and security. This paper analyzes the mechanism of government innovation leadership on the TFP growth rate of high-tech industry, its influence path and channel heterogeneity. It is found that government innovation leadership can promote the TFP growth rate of high-tech industry through two mechanisms: technology effect and signaling effect. Considering the channel heterogeneity, it is found that the positive effect mainly originates from the channel of R&D institutions. Further, from the path test of the impact of government innovation leadership on innovation in high-tech industry, it is found that the main reason for the overall insignificant effect of the channel of universities and enterprises is the mismatch of inputs and outputs rather than the lack of positive impact on innovation. The path test also finds that, firstly, in terms of technology effect, the R&D institution channel focuses on finished technology transfer, the university channel focuses on the synergistic effect through scientific knowledge output and industrial independent innovation, and the enterprise channel contributes to the increase of TFP growth rate through direct technology output and synergistic effect with industrial independent innovation and collaborative innovation. Secondly, at this stage, independent innovation and collaborative innovation in high-tech industry have a limited effect on the TFP growth rate. Government innovation leadership helps industry independent innovation. But there is a mismatch in technology direction between government innovation leadership and collaborative innovation the industry actively seeks externally. So the integration of industry-university-research-application under the national strategy needs effective guidance from the government. The contributions of paper are that: Firstly, in terms of research perspective, it examines the government’s role from a more active innovation leadership perspective. Specifically, it explores how science and technology innovation in the new era relies on national top-level design to build a collaborative innovation network through R&D investment layout and funding support and promote the implementation of national science and technology strategy, which in turn leads to an increase in the TFP growth rate and the breakthrough of high-tech industry. Secondly, it analyzes the mechanism of government innovation leadership on the TFP growth rate of high-tech industry, the influence path and channel heterogeneity, and clarifies the effectiveness and blockage points of the combination of effective market and active government in the innovation practice of high-tech industry, so as to provide experience references for the precise policy-making of government innovation leadership practice and build a new system concentrating nationwide effort and resources on key national undertakings.

Key words: government innovation leadership; TFP; top-level design; national science and technology strategy; collaborative innovation network

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220613.401

收稿日期：2022-03-19

基金项目：国家社会科学基金项目（21BJY033）；福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目（FJ2020MJDZ015）

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