JIA 2018 园艺栏目之栽培生理/资源品质篇
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本合辑集选 JIA 2018年出版的园艺栏目栽培生理/资源品质相关研究论文。欢迎相关领域科研人员关注、转发、使用。点击题目可查看全文。
Heterologous expression of Lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato
Antifreeze proteins (AFP) are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which protects them from cold environments. In the present investigation, we isolated AFP gene from L. perenne and expressed it in tomato plants to elucidate its role upon chilling stress. The T1 transgenic tomato lines were selected and subjected to molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses. Stable integration and transcription of LpAFP in transgenic tomato plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. Physiological analyses under chilling conditions showed that the chilling stress induced physiological damage in wild type (WT) plants, while the transgenic plants remained healthy. Total sugar content increased gradually in both WT and transgenic plants throughout the chilling treatment. Interestingly, transgenic plants exhibited remarkable alterations in terms of relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage index (ELI) than those of WT. RWC increased significantly by 3-fold and the electrolyte leakage was reduced by 2.6-fold in transgenic plants comparing with WT. Overall, this report proved that LpAFP gene confers chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato plants and it could be a potential candidate to extrapolate the chilling tolerance on other chilling-sensitive food crops.
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Srinivasan Balamurugan, Jayan Susan Ann, Inchakalody P Varghese, Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan, Mani Chandra Harish, Sarma Rajeev Kumar, Ramalingam Sathishkumar. Heterologous expression of Lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(5): 1128-1136.
采用营养液水培, 研究外源GSH（还原型谷胱甘肽）对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗的光合特性、光系统II（PSII）效率、吸收光能分配和叶绿体中H2O2-清除系统的影响。外源GSH施用改善了盐诱导的生长抑制、Na+和Cl的离子失衡和净光合速率（Pn）的降低；外源GSH也提高了盐胁迫和盐胁迫+BSO（BSO，GSH合成关键酶γ-ECS的抑制剂）处理下番茄幼苗叶片的PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、电子传递速率 （ETR）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）。GSH施用亦提高了实际光合量子产额 [Y(II)]和双光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数（β/α-1），降低了PSII的激发能压力（1-qP）和非调节性能量耗散量子产量[Y(NO)]。此外，外源GSH抑制了盐胁迫和盐胁迫+BSO处理下番茄叶片叶绿体中H2O2和丙二醛（MDA）的积累，诱导了PSII反应中心吸收光能的重新分配，提高了内源GSH含量、GSH/GSSH比值和H2O2清除酶[包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT），过氧化物酶（POD）和AsA-GSH循环和Grx系统中的关键酶]的活性。以上结果表明，GSH主要通过克服气孔限制、提高PSII效率、平衡光能的不均匀分布以减少ROS的产成并介导叶绿体氧化还原稳态和抗氧化防御系统以保护叶绿体免受氧化损伤，从而缓解盐胁迫对生长和光合作用的抑制作用。因此，GSH可作为一种缓解番茄植株盐胁迫的潜在措施。
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ZHOU Yan, DIAO Ming, CUI Jin-xia, CHEN Xian-jun, WEN Ze-lin, ZHANG Jian-wei, LIU Hui-ying. Exogenous GSH protects tomatoes against salt stress by modulating photosystem II efficiency, absorbed light allocation and H2O2- scavenging system in chloroplasts. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(10): 2257-2272.
CO2施肥和高氮供应可以协同提高蔬菜产量，但这两个因素对产量的交互影响却知之甚少。本研究探讨了在开顶式生长箱中3个CO2施肥浓度[400 μmol mol-1(对照)，625 μmol mol-1(中等)和1200 μmol mol-1(高)]和3个硝态氮供应浓度[2 mmol L-1(低N), 7 mmol L-1(中N)和14 mmol L-1(高N)]对水培黄瓜果实品质的影响。在中等供氮水平时，与对照相比，高CO2施肥提高果糖和葡萄糖含量，不影响可滴定酸含量，因此提高糖酸比；但在高氮供应时，高CO2施肥对这三个指标均没有影响。中等和高CO2施肥均对果实中淀粉含量没有影响；但分别降低粗纤维含量达13%和18%，降低硝酸根离子含量达31%和84%，降低粗蛋白含量达19%和20%，且都与氮素供应没有交互作用。除酪氨酸降低50%外，高CO2施肥对组成蛋白质各氨基酸含量的降低程度相似，在10–18%范围内。在低氮供应时，高CO2施肥增加果实中P, K, Ca和Mg含量，同时降低Fe和Zn含量；但在高氮时，高CO2施肥对果实中P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu和Zn含量均没有影响。总之，高CO2施肥配合中氮供应总体能够最大限度提高黄瓜果实品质。果实膨大，含碳物质相互转化和氮代谢都有可能共同干扰CO2施肥对果实品质的影响。
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DONG Jin-long, LI Xun, Nazim Gruda, DUAN Zeng-qiang. Interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen availability on fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(11): 2438-2446.
Quantifying muskmelon fruit attributes with A-TEP-based model and machine vision measurement
In this study, we established a dynamic morphological model using the accumulated thermal effectiveness and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (A-TEP), aiming to explore the relationship between muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit attributes and environmental factors. Muskmelon surface color was described by parameters of red, green, blue, hue, saturation and brightness (HSI). Three characteristic parameters, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), angular second moment (ASM), entropy, contrast, and the coverage rate were used to describe the process of muskmelon fruit netting formation. ASM was not significant difference during muskmelon fruit growth. The number and deep of netting stripes gradually increased with fruit growth. Coverage rate increased rapidly for 15–30 d after pollination. The vertical and horizontal diameters of muskmelon fruit were followed a logistic curve. And root mean squared errors (RMSE) between the simulated and measured vertical and horizontal diameters were 3.527 and 4.696 mm, respectively. RMSE of red, green, blue, saturation and brightness were 0.999, 2.690, 2.992, 0.033 and 5.51, respectively, and the RMSE for entropy, contrast and coverage rates were 0.077, 0.063 and 0.015, respectively, indicating a well consistent between measured and simulated values.
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CHANG Li-ying, HE San-peng, LIU Qian, XIANG Jia-lin, HUANG Dan-feng. Quantifying muskmelon fruit attributes with A-TEP-based model and machine vision measurement. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(6): 1369-1379.
Effects of ozone-treated domestic sludge on hydroponic lettuce growth and nutrition
将臭氧处理后的生活污泥稀释成4个不同的倍数为实验组，作为营养液用于生菜的水培试验。以经典的霍格兰无机营养液为实验对照组。研究生活污泥臭氧处理液对生菜生长特性与品质的影响。结果表明：Hoagland无机营养液处理的生菜叶片数、株高、鲜重、干重等形态指标比污泥营养液处理组有明显优势，存在显著差异（P<0.05）。稀释2倍的污泥营养液有利于水培生菜提高品质，其叶绿素、可溶性糖、Vc等生理指标的含量与无机营养液处理组的相应指标相比,均有显著提高（P<0.05）；而硝酸盐含量则显著降低（P<0.05），稀释2倍处理组的生菜硝酸盐含量比无机营养液的生菜硝酸盐含量降低了53.93%。通过本文研究，建议生活污泥臭氧曝气后2倍稀释的营养液较适宜生菜水培的营养需求。
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YANG Peng, GUO Yan-zhi, QIU Ling. Effects of ozone-treated domestic sludge on hydroponic lettuce growth and nutrition. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(3): 593-602.
蔬菜，尤其是叶菜中硝酸盐(NO3-)过量积累已对人类身体健康严重威胁。硒(Se)是维持人体健康的重要的微量元素之一。在蔬菜或作物种植过程中，外援施加Se是解决人体Se缺乏症的一种有效方法。在逆境条件下，外援施加Se能够有效促进植物生长和对营养元素的吸收。然而外援施加Se对水培蔬菜NO3-积累的影响还缺乏深入研究。为此在该研究中采用6种不同浓度(0, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 10和50 μmol L-1）Na2SeO3为外援Se施加方式，研究其对水培生菜(Lactuca sativa L.) 生长发育及氮代谢的影响。研究发现：施加Se可显著降低生菜NO3-含量，其对NO3-的降低效果受外援Se浓度的影响；在0.5 μmol L-1外援Se处理下生菜NO3-含量最低；外援Se可显著促进净光合速率Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)，提高水培生菜的光合能力。通过对NO3-转运，吸收和氮代谢关键酶活性的研究发现：外援Se可显著促进生菜根部NO3-外流，并导致NO3-由根部向地上部转运速率降低。此外，外援Se施加显著提高硝酸还原酶 (NR), 亚硝酸还原酶 (NiR), 谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS) 和谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性，促进NO3-同化，降低NO3-在生菜叶片中的积累。通过该研究证实：外援Se通过调节NO3-在生菜体内转运并显著提高氮代谢酶活性促进NO3-降解。因此促进生菜生长并有效降低其NO3-含量的合理外援Se浓度为0.5μmol L-1。
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LEI Bo, BIAN Zhong-hua, YANG Qi-chang, WANG Jun, CHENG Rui-feng, LI Kun, LIU Wen-ke, ZHANG Yi, FANG Hui, TONG Yun-xin. The positive function of selenium supplementation on reducing nitrate accumulation in hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(4): 837-846.
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of N application on leaf morphology, ascorbic acid content, phenolic acids, flavonoids, mineral content, and nitrate residues in three lettuce varieties (two green leafy lettuce, Multigreen 1 and Multigreen 3; one red leafy lettuce, Multired 4) grown in a closed hydroponic system (gravel-film) at harvest. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at six different concentrations of 0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L-1. The results obtained during 2015 and 2016 seasons were similar and demonstrated variety dependent responses with respect to different N application rates. Multigreen 3 was more sensitive to N supply and showed higher amount of nitrate residue at harvest. Variety Multired 4 was less sensitive to N supply followed by Multigreen 1. Although N supply at 120 mg L-1 improved the yield and the number of leaves in Multigreen 3, overall 90 mg L-1 can be recommended for these lettuce varieties to improve the yield and the accumulation of ascorbic acid content, phenolic acids mainly caffeic, caftaric acids, quercetin (the important flavonoid in lettuce), and Fe and Mn contents. Furthermore, the concentration of 90 mg L-1 improved the antioxidant property (FRAP and ABTS+) and reduced the nitrate accumulation, ensuring safe food for consumers.
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Bevly M. Mampholo, Martin M. Maboko, Puffy Soundy, Dharini Sivakumar. 2018. Variety-specific responses of lettuce grown in a gravel-film technique closed hydroponic system to N supply on yield, morphology, phytochemicals, mineral content and safety. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(11): 2447-2457.
为探究温室条件下不同蓝光补光强度对两种叶色小白菜生长及营养保健成分的影响，采收前10天进行不同蓝光补光强度（0，50，100，150 μmol·m-2·s-1分别为T0，T50，T100和T150）处理。结果表明：T50处理下两种叶色小白菜均具有最高的生物量、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量；随着蓝光补光强度的增加，两种叶色小白菜中抗氧化成分（维他命C和类胡萝卜素）显著增加，硝酸盐含量显著降低；蓝光处理两种叶色小白菜中营养保健成分（总酚、类黄酮、花色苷和总硫苷）含量和抗氧化能力（DPPH和FRAP）均高于未添加蓝光的处理；两种叶色小白菜中光合色素含量和营养保健成含量的不同表现规律主要有品种差异性所致。因此，补充50 μmol·m-2·s-1的蓝光能够增加产量，补充100 μmol·m-2·s-1的蓝光能够提高营养品质。综上，温室条件下不同蓝光补光强度能够显著影响两种叶色小白菜的生物量、形态学和营养保健成分。
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ZHENG Yin-jian, ZHANG Yi-ting, LIU Hou-cheng, LI Ya-min, LIU Ying-liang, HAO Yan-wei, LEI Bing-fu. 2018. Supplemental blue light increases growth and quality of greenhouse pak choi depending on cultivar and supplemental light intensity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(10): 2245-2256.
Twenty vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, and selection of suitable genotypes for extraction of juice in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Vegetable amaranth was rich in chlorophyll, β-cyanins, β-xanthins, betalains, carotene, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant. The genotypes VA14, VA16, VA18, VA15, and VA20 could be selected as amaranth vegtable varieties with high yields and abundance antioxidant leaf pigments and vitamins to produce juice. The genotypes VA13 and VA19 had above-average foliage yield and high antioxidant profiles while the genotypes VA2, VA3, VA9, VA11, VA12, and VA17 had a high antioxidant profiles and below-average foliage yield. These genotypes could be used as a donor parent for integration of potential high antioxidant profiles genes into other genotypes. The correlation study revealed a strong positive association among all the antioxidant leaf pigments, total antioxidant capacity and foliage yield. Selection based on total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments could economically viable to improve the yield potential of vegetable amaranth genotypes. Total carotene and ascorbic acid exhibited insignificant genotypic correlation with all the traits except total antioxidant capacity. This indicates that selection for antioxidant vitamins might be possible without compromising yield loss.
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Umakanta Sarker, Md Tofazzal Islam, Md Golam Rabbani, Shinya Oba. Variability in total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments and foliage yield of vegetable amaranth. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(5): 1145-1153.
The effect of ozone and drought on the photosynthetic performance of canola
Canola plants were fumigated in open-top chambers with ozone (O3) (120 ppb) under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions for 4 weeks. Non-fumigated plants were also studied to facilitate comparison between treatments for the same week and over time. Therefore, the treatments were: WW, WW-O3, WS and WS-O3. The fast chlorophyll a fluorescence transients OJIP for the four treatments emitted upon illumination of dark-adapted leaves were measured after week 1, 2, 3, 4 and analysed by the JIP-test to evaluate the resulting changes in photosynthetic performance. Ozone fumigation led to a decline of total performance index (PItotal) in well-watered plants.? The effect of O3 was minor under drought conditions, as revealed by a decrease of PItotal by 3%. The PItotal decreased as the treatment was prolonged, due to leaf ageing for all cases and the decline was more pronounced under WW-O3. Taking the average of all weeks, WW had the highest PItotal and the lowest WW-O3 (decrease by 27%), while in WS and WS-O3, it was lower than WW (14 and 17%, respectively). We found that the absorption (ABS)/reaction centre (RC) increases, while the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (φPo) undergoes slight changes, and trapping (TR0)/RC closely followed the increase in ABS/RC. This indicates that O3 and drought caused an increase in the functional antenna size. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry showed slight differences for all treatments and over time, suggesting that this parameter is less sensitive to drought and O3 stress. Therefore, the more sensitive components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain appeared to be the probability that an electron from the intersystem electron carriers is transferred to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side (δRo) and the RC density on a chlorophyll basis (RC/ABS).
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Bheki G Maliba, Prabhu M Inbaraj, Jacques M Berner. The effect of ozone and drought on the photosynthetic performance of canola. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(5): 1137-1144.
Selection for high quality pepper seeds by machine vision and classifiers
本研究旨在优化辣椒种子的精选，快速有效地从种子批中挑选出优质种子。前人的研究已经表明种子活力与种子颜色和大小显著相关，因此，这些物理特征可用于鉴定高活力的种子。本文以101号辣椒种子为材料，采用种子形态自动化识别软件提取400粒种子的相关物理指标。进行单粒发芽试验，通过单粒发芽试验获得对应的幼苗鲜质量作为种子的活力指标。之后，应用二元Logistic回归和神经网络建立判别模型，对种子是否能够萌发进行预测并确定最佳预测模型。相关分析结果表明，幼苗鲜重与8个物理特征呈显著正相关：三个颜色特征（R、a*、Brightness）、宽度、长度、投影面积、密度和单粒重。鲜重与与H值呈极显著负相关。在单指标精选中，按a≥3对辣椒种子进行精选，辣椒种子的发芽率由59.3%提高到71.8%，获选率为57.8%；按单粒重≥0.0064g精选，发芽率由59.3%提高到79.4%，获选率为76.8%。在基于模型的精选中，最有效的模型是以15个物理特征作为输入变量的多层感知器（MLP）神经网络，其模型稳定性为99.4%。经过精选，种子的发芽率为79.1%，获选率为90%。结果表明，该基于物理特征的模型能较好地预测种子萌发能力，在种子精选中可为质量控制提供指导。基于机器视觉和模型分类器的自动化精选系统也将有助于降低辣椒种子精选所需的成本和劳动力。
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TU Ke-ling, LI Lin-juan, YANG Li-ming, WANG Jian-hua, SUN Qun. 2018. Selection for high quality pepper seeds by machine vision and classifiers. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(9): 1999-2006.
利用通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术比较分析韭菜根际土壤及内生细菌群落
韭菜（Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel）是一种中国常见的普通蔬菜。在本课题组前期的研究中发现，韭菜间作/套种香蕉可以显著降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率，减轻发病程度；韭菜和黄瓜/番茄间作/套种可以显著降低南方根结线虫病害的发病率，减轻其根结指数。鉴于此，本课题组推测在韭菜根际或者韭菜叶片或者根系内可能存在一些对香蕉枯萎病菌及根结线虫具有杀死或者抑制效应的微生物。在本研究中，利用通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术对韭菜根际土壤及内生细菌群落进行了比较分析。结果表明：在韭菜根际、叶片和根系中共获得了79261条高质量的序列。在门的水平上，根际土壤中有Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes，Cyanobacteria和Planctomycetes 5个主要的群落，含量分别为37.85，10.99，8.24，7.79和7.1%。而在叶片和根系中，只有Cyanobacteria和Proteobacteria两个主要的群落，前者在叶片中含量为83.42%，在根系中含量为75.44%；后者在叶片中含量为14.75%，在根系中含量为21.04%。两者相比较，根际土壤细菌种群多样性，丰富度和均匀度均高于内生细菌种群。根际土壤细菌种群与内生细菌种群具有显著差异，而叶片和根系中内生细菌群落虽有不同，但差异并不显著。该研究结论为从韭菜中分离鉴定杀菌及杀线虫的生防菌提供了理论依据。
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HUANG Yong-hong. Comparison of rhizosphere and endophytic microbial communities of Chinese leek through high-throughput 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(2):359-367.
Physiological mechanisms of resistance to cold stress associated with 10 elite apple rootstocks
为明确不同苹果矮化中间砧抗寒力，并建立苹果砧木抗寒性评价综合体系，以10个矮化中间砧（GM256，JM7，M26，M7，SC1，SH1，SH38，SH6，M9，T337）为试材，分别在0℃、–15℃、–20℃、–25℃、–30℃、–35℃条件下进行低温胁迫处理，测定不同低温胁迫下各品种电导率、花青素、蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量的变化及SOD、POD酶活性等生理指标，并通过电导率结合Logistic方程计算出10个砧木品种的半致死温度，并利用LT50对各指标进行评价。研究结果表明，LT50与POD活性以及0℃和–15℃处理下的可溶性糖、蛋白质脯氨酸含量无显著相关性，与0℃和–15℃处理下可溶性淀粉含量，–15到–30℃处理下的花青素含量显著负相关，与0到–20℃处理下的MDA含量呈显著正相关。基于主成分分析和LT50的统计分析表明，苹果砧木抗寒性由强到弱为：GM256、SH6、SH38、SH1、SC1、M26、M7、JM7、T337、M9。
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WANG Yan-xiu, HU Ya, CHEN Bai-hong, ZHU Yan-fang, Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda, Sofkova Svetla. Physiological mechanisms of resistance to cold stress associated with 10 elite apple rootstocks. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(4): 857-866.
本研究连续2年（2010-2011年）对我国苹果产区11个省市、51个县（市）的153个乔砧苹果园的‘富士’果实品质取样分析，收集气象资料，应用偏最小二乘回归变量投影重要性筛选影响果实品质特性的主要气象因子并建立回归方程，线性规划方法求解‘富士’苹果优质的气象因子优化方案。结果显示，中国不同苹果产区的果实品质与气象因子之间存在一定的相关性。果实品质与气象因子的偏最小二乘回归的模型分析表明，生长季（4-10月）的平均温度、最低温度和最高温度对‘富士’苹果品质有正的模型效应和权重，其次是年平均温度、生长季日照百分率、昼夜温差和同期降水量；而全年总降水量和生长季（4-10月）的相对湿度对‘富士’苹果品质呈负效应。不同果实品质特性受气象因素的影响各异。果实可溶固形物含量依次受全年总降水量、生长季最低温度、生长季平均温度、生长季昼夜温差、年平均气温的影响。‘富士’苹果优质的气象因子优化方案为：年平均温度为5.5–18°C、年均降水量为602–1121 mm，生长季（4-10月）的平均温度、最低温度、最高温度、昼夜温差、总降水量、相对湿度和日照百分率分别为13.3-19.6°C、7.8-18.5°C、19.5°C、13.7°C、227 mm、57.5-84.0%和36.5-70.0%。气象因子影响‘富士’果实品质特性，优化方案可作为‘富士’苹果合理种植布局和提高品质的理论依据。
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ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU Bei-bei, LI Min-ji, WEI Qin-ping, HAN Zhen-hai. Multivariate analysis between meteorological factor and fruit quality of Fuji apple at different locations in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(6): 1338-1347.
本研究采用“粉红女士”和“华富”两个苹果品种作为试验材料，研究预培养对苹果试管苗热处理成活率的影响，这两个品种在中国广泛种植且经检测携带苹果退绿叶斑病毒和苹果茎沟病毒。实验结果表明，在设置的5个预处理时间段中，苹果试管苗的生长和体内病毒的含量没有明显的变化趋势，但是预处理可提高植株在热处理过程中的成活率。预培养13 d的“粉红女士”和“华富”植株在热处理时的成活率分别比预处理1 d的提高14%和15%，同时，预培养在一定程度上可促进 “华富”的增殖。预培养1 d和4 d的苹果试管苗，其热处理后再生植株的成活率较预培养7 d、10 d和13 d的成活率低20%。利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术进行脱毒效率的测定，每种病毒选用两对检测引物，检测结果表明，预培养对苹果病毒的热处理脱除效果没有影响。尽管在热处理5 d的时候已经几乎检测不到两种病毒，但是在热处理30 d后的再生植株中仍然没有获得无毒苹果苗。
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HU Guo-jun, DONG Ya-feng, ZHANG Zun-ping, FAN Xu-dong, REN Fang, LI Zheng-nan. Effect of pre-culture on virus elimination from in vitro apple by thermotherapy coupled with shoot tip culture. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(9): 2015-2023.
本试验于2013和2014年在中国渭北旱塬对两个酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠和白玉霓进行转色期前摘叶和疏穗处理，以研究对葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明摘叶和疏穗对两个葡萄品种的还原糖无显著影响，但可以降低果实总酸含量，相应提高了果汁pH。同时，摘叶和疏穗处理对两个品种果实的总酚、单宁和赤霞珠果实的总花色苷积累均有促进作用。摘叶和疏穗降低了果皮中二甲花翠素及其衍生物的比例。此外，肉桂酰化花色苷的含量随疏穗程度增大而降低。非花色苷酚类物质在两个品种受各处理的影响相似，疏穗对非花色苷酚积累的促进作用高于摘叶处理。中等水平的摘叶和疏穗对酚酸类物质的积累最为显著。疏穗可以显著提高黄烷醇和芪类物质的含量。摘叶和疏穗对赤霞珠和白玉霓果实香气化合物的含量和种类也具有显著影响。本研究对结合摘叶和疏穗以提高葡萄及葡萄酒品质提供了理论依据。
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SONG Chang-zheng, WANG Chao, XIE Sha, ZHANG Zhen-wen. Effects of leaf removal and cluster thinning on berry quality of Vitis vinifera cultivars in the region of Weibei Dryland in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(7): 1620-1630.
本研究以三年生延后栽培（DC）的红地球葡萄为试材，研究短时间高温胁迫对处于衰老中的红地球葡萄叶片PSII的影响与恢复。11月，老叶光合功能下降，随着热处理时间延长叶片蒸腾速率（E）下降增大了受到热损伤的几率。7月，高温胁迫主要抑制相对可变荧光的J点，而在11月变为K点。对老叶，5 min（40℃）高温处理会使相对可变荧光0.3 ms（WK）显著上升，热处理时间超过10 min会使单位面积有活性反应中心数量（RC/CSo），捕获的激子将电子转移到电子传递链之外QA–的概率（φo）（t=0），用于电子传递的量子产额（φEo）（t=0）均发生显著降低（P<0.05），表明老叶PSII的反应中心、供体侧和受体侧均受到不同程度抑制以及光合器官的热稳定性降低。11月老叶相比7月健康叶片，能量流动受抑制的时间早而且更严重，当前期热处理时间超过15 min（40℃）造成的伤害很难在室温下2 h内得到恢复。
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ZHANG Kun, CHEN Bai-hong, HAO Yan, YANG Rui, WANG Yu-an. Effects of short-term heat stress on PSII and subsequent recovery for senescent leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Globe. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(12): 2683-2693.
Relationships between plant water status and gas exchange parameters at increasing levels of water stress were determined in Algerie loquats which grown in 50 I pots. Changes in soil water content and stem water potential and their effects on stomatal conductance (Cs) and net photosynthesis (Pn) rate were followed in control plants and in plants without irrigation until the latter reached near permanent wilting point and some leaf abscission took place. Then, the irrigation was restarted and the comparison repeated. Soil water content and stem water potential gradually diminished in response to drought reaching the minimum values of 0.9 mm and –5.0 MPa, respectively, 9 days after watering suspension. Compromised plant water status had drastic effects on Cs values that dropped by 97% in the last day of the drought period. Pn was diminished by 80% at the end of the drought period. The increasing levels of water stress did not cause a steady increase in leaf temperature in non-irrigated plants. Non-irrigated plants wilted and lost some leaves due to the severity of the water stress. However, all non-irrigated plants survived and reached similar Pn than control plants just a week after the irrigation was restarted, confirming drought tolerance of loquat and suggesting that photosynthesis machinery remained intact.
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A. Stellfeldt, M. A. Maldonado, J. J. Hueso, J. Cuevas. Gas exchange and water relations of young potted loquat cv. Algerie under progressive drought conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(6): 1360-1368.
生长素(IBA)诱导茶树插穗生根过程中内源NO与H2O2变化研究
在生长素诱导植物不定根形成过程中一氧化氮（NO）和过氧化氢（H2O2）总是作为重要信号分子参与其中。但它们是否是决定不定根形成的关键因子仍值得进一步分析。本文利用二乙酸酯二氨基荧光素探针（DAF-2DA）及2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯探针（DCF-DA）研究了茶树插穗IBA处理及对照的内源NO、H2O2含量变化。结果发现，无论IBA处理或对照插穗在在不定根形成前很少能检测到这些信号分子，而根系形成部位都能检测到大量NO和H2O2，说明IBA处理并不直接诱导产生NO和H2O2。碳氮含量测定发现，NO和H2O2提高能促进可溶性糖含量下降及氮素含量上升。本研究表明生长素通过诱导NO和H2O2信号途径来促进不定根形成的假说还需要考虑根系发生阶段这一关键因素。在根系发生前需要先积累一定的能量物质可能是NO和H2O2促进不定根形成的前提。
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WEI Kang, WANG Li-yuan, RUAN Li, ZHANG Cheng-cai, WU Li-yun, LI Hai-lin, CHENG Hao. Endogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide detection in indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation in Camellia sinensis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(10): 2273-2280.
Physiological response of four wolfberry (Lycium Linn.) species under drought stress
研究了不同干旱胁迫下4种枸杞（北方枸杞、中国枸杞、宁夏枸杞和云南枸杞）的光合参数、叶绿素含量、膜质过氧化物、抗氧化酶和干物质分配率的变化特征。发现，干旱胁迫对4种枸杞叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和膜质过氧化物的含量影响显著；适度干旱胁迫能提升了过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性；不同干旱胁迫下枸杞植株的组织器官间干物质分配率差异显著，尤其，枸杞叶片和果实干物质分配率，随着干旱胁迫加剧显著降低。还发现中国枸杞与宁夏枸杞比另外2种枸杞具有更强耐旱性和抗氧化能力，而云南枸杞对干旱胁迫较为敏感，耐旱性差。本研究将为今后的枸杞遗传改良提供了重要的耐旱资源。
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ZHAO Jian-hua, LI Hao-xia, ZHANG Cun-zhi, AN Wei, YIN Yue, WANG Ya-jun, CAO You-long. Physiological response of four wolfberry (Lycium Linn.) species under drought stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(3): 603-612
Light shading improves the yield and quality of seed in oil-seed peony (Paeonia ostii Feng Dan)
The objective of this study was to determine if appropriate shading improves yield and quality of seed in oilseed peony. In this study, oilseed peony trees were shaded by different density polyethylene nets from four weeks after flowering to harvest stages to form light, moderate, and severe shadings, equivalent to about 80, 40, and 20% of full solar exposure, respectively. The effects of different shadings on some physiological parameters, yield and yield components, and nutritional composition of seed were examined. Averaged across two years, light shading increased the actual net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 16.8%, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) by 81.4%, chlorophyll (Chl) content by 52.8%, auxin (IAA) content by 38.1%, and gibberellic acid (GA3) content in leaves by 6.3%; it decreased the accumulation of H2O2 in leaves by 24.8%, malondialdehyde (MDA) by 22%, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) by 8.8%, indicating that leaf senescence in late season was considerably delayed. Light shading increased seed yield, and contents of crude fat and unsaturated fatty acids by 9.7, 5.6, and 9.6%, respectively, while moderate or severe shading significantly reduced all the three parameters. Light shading increased seed weight, but moderate or severe shading reduced seed weight or follicle density. The improved seed yield under light shading was mainly due to increased seed weight, while the reduced seed yield under moderate or severe shading was mainly attributed to reduce follicle density and seed weight. The improved seed weight and content of unsaturated fatty acids under light shading was possibly due to the delayed leaf senescence. The overall results indicated that light shading is beneficial to yield and quality parameters of seed in oilseed peony. Cultivating oilseed peony under a light shading environments such as partially closed forests would better increase total output and income per unit land area than that under full solar exposure.
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HAN Chen-jing, WANG Qi, ZHANG Hong-bao, WANG Shou-hai, SONG Hua-dong, HAO Jian-mei, DONG He-zhong. Light shading improves the yield and quality of seed in oil-seed peony (Paeonia ostii Feng Dan). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(7): 1631-1640.
Fatty acid analysis in the seeds of 50 Paeonia ostii individuals from the same population
牡丹种子富含α亚麻酸（ALA），而牡丹籽油也正在国内规模化生产。杨山牡丹（Paeonia ostii）是目前应用最广的油用牡丹种，已被当做一个独立的品种，统称‘凤丹’。本研究从中国北方地区同一居群随机选取了50个杨山牡丹单株，分析了不同单株的脂肪酸成分及含量。结果显示，从上述单株中共分离得到13种脂肪酸，其中含量最高的前五类分别是软脂酸（5.31–6.99%）、硬脂酸（1.22–2.76%）、油酸（18.78–28.15%）、亚油酸（11.86–26.10%）和α亚麻酸（41.11–57.51%）。不同脂肪酸类型及含量在不同单株之间存在显著性差异，尤其是48号单株的亚油酸含量，甚至超过了群体1-99%的置信范围。进一步的统计分析发现，大多数不同类脂肪酸含量，包括饱和脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量以及总脂肪酸含量等，相互之间均存在显著正相关，而单株的种子产量则与上述指标均不相关。沃德层次聚类（Ward's hierarchical clustering）结果将本研究中的50个单株根据脂肪酸含量及种子产量归为了四类，其中第四类中的7个单株可以作为优选的油用牡丹优良单株。本研究结果确认了在杨山牡丹中，不同单株之间确实存在个体差异性，而‘凤丹’也不应该被简单的认为是一个性状统一的品种。同时，本研究结果可以作为简化油用牡丹育种过程的依据，并加速该产业发展。
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WEI Xiao-bao, XUE Jing-qi, WANG Shun-li, XUE Yu-qian, LIN Huan, SHAO Xing-feng, XU Dong-hui, ZHANG Xiu-xin. Fatty acid analysis in the seeds of 50 Paeonia ostii individuals from the same population. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018,17(8): 1758-1767.
JIA 蔬菜研究合辑（2017）
JIA 瓜果研究合辑（2017）
Journal of Integrative Agriculture (《农业科学学报》，JIA) 杂志是中国农业科学院与中国农学会联合主办、农业信息研究所承办的英文学术期刊。创刊于2002年，主编为中国农业科学院副院长万建民院士。2018年SCI影响因子1.337，位于科睿唯安JCR农业综合学科Q2区（18/56）。2019年采用开放获取形式，专注刊登作物学、园艺、植物保护、动物科学、动物医学、资源环境、食品科学、农业经济与管理等国际农业科学前沿热点领域的综述、研究论文、简报以及评述等。
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