国际视野 | Nature Climate Change-2019第10期

Volume 9 Issue

10, October 2019

Image:

William W. Thompson, US Geological Survey.

Cover Design: 

Tulsi Voralia.

输

Ecoregion influences climate response

American pikas (Ochotona princeps) are generalist mammalian herbivores that typically live in cool, moist, high-elevation rocky talus areas. Smith et al. show that the distribution of pikas in response to climate varies more strongly with respect to ecoregional context than to genetic affinity.

译：生态区影响气候响应

北美鼠兔（Ochotona princeps）是哺乳纲下的食草动物，通常生活在凉爽，潮湿，高海拔的岩石嶙峋地区。史密斯等研究表明，鼠兔的分布响应气候变化，且鼠兔的分布在生态区域方面的变化比遗传亲和力变化更大。

See Beever et al. and Oldfather

Editorial | 25 September 2019

The CMIP6 landscape

CMIP6 output is growing rapidly and will afford a re-examination of important aspects of the climate system.

译：CMIP6格局

CMIP6的输出正在迅速增长，并将重新审查气候系统的重要方面。

Research Highlight | 25 September 2019

Sinking to the deep

译：沉入深渊

Alyssa Findlay

Research Highlight | 25 September 2019

Who you say you are taxing matters

译：你说谁在收税

Adam Yeeles

Research Highlight | 25 September 2019

Shifting moisture source

译：转移水分源

Baird Langenbrunner

Research Highlight | 25 September 2019

Lake emissions rise

译：湖泊排放量上升

Bronwyn Wake

News & Views | 16 September 2019

Connecting AMOC changes

In recent years, the tropical Indian Ocean has experienced persistent warming larger than any other basin. Now research suggests that this may exert a stabilizing effect on the meridional overturning circulation in the north Atlantic Ocean by attenuating its recent weakening, with implications for climate change worldwide.

译：大西洋子午翻转环流（AMOC）变化的关联

近年来，热带印度洋经历的持续变暖比任何其他洋盆都要大。现在的研究表明，最近的减弱可能对北大西洋的子午翻转环流产生稳定作用，这对全世界的气候变化都具有影响。

Annalisa Cherchi

News & Views | 23 September 2019

Ecoregion shapes the range response

Within a single species, different populations can show strikingly varied responses to climate – often attributed to genetic differences of geographically separated populations. Now an elegant analysis, weaving together modelling with large-scale empirical data, demonstrates that ecoregion explains spatial variation in climate responses of the American pika.

译：生态区决定范围响应

在一个物种中，不同的种群对气候的反应会非常不同，这通常归因于地理上分离种群的遗传差异。现在一项优雅的分析，将建模与大规模经验数据结合在一起，证明生态区可以解释北美鼠兔气候响应的空间变化。

Meagan F. Oldfather

News & Views | 25 September 2019

Take a walk on the wild side

Climate change is expected to severely impact farming in sub-Saharan Africa. Now research shows that crop wild relatives might be able to secure Africa’s existing cropping practices by providing the genetic diversity needed to adapt crops to climates that they have never seen before.

译：在野生种方面做出一些尝试

预计气候变化将严重影响撒哈拉以南非洲的农业。现在的研究表明，农作物野生近缘种可能能够通过提供使农作物适应从未有过的气候所需的遗传多样性，来确保非洲现有的农作方式。

Michael B. Kantar & Bryan Runck

News & Views | 25 September 2019

A drift in the Arctic

译：北极漂流

Bronwyn Wake

Matters Arising | 25 September 2019

EU ETS and the waterbed effect

译：欧盟排放交易体系和水床效应

Knut Einar Rosendahl

Matters Arising | 25 September 2019

Reply: EU ETS and the waterbed effect

译：答复：欧盟排放交易体系和水床效应

Grischa Perino

Letter | 25 September 2019

Dependence of economic impacts of climate change on anthropogenically directed pathways

Understanding which factors influence future economic impacts from climate change is important for informing mitigation and adaptation strategies. This study demonstrates that projected economic impacts are primarily attributed to variation in socioeconomic development and future emissions trajectories, rather than uncertainties in the climate response.

译：气候变化的经济影响对人为导向途径的依赖性

了解哪些因素会影响气候变化对未来的经济影响，对于制定缓解和适应策略至关重要。这项研究表明，预计的经济影响主要归因于社会经济发展和未来排放轨迹的变化，而不是气候响应的不确定性。

Jun’ya Takakura, Shinichiro Fujimori[…] & Yasuaki Hijioka

Letter | 02 September 2019

Stabilization of dense Antarctic water supply to the Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation

The supply of dense Antarctic Bottom Water to the Atlantic overturning circulation has declined in recent years. Observations show that since 2014 this has stabilized and slightly recovered due to variability in upstream dense waters, with implications for the global climate.

译：稳定的南极的高密度海水补充了大西洋翻转环流

近年来，致密的南极底部海水对大西洋的翻转环流供应减少了。观测表明，自2014年以来，由于上游高密度海水的多变性，这种情况已经稳定并略有恢复，对全球气候产生了影响。

E. Povl Abrahamsen, Andrew J. S. Meijers[…] & Michael P. Meredith

Letter | 16 September 2019

Indian Ocean warming can strengthen the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

The Indian Ocean is warming at an accelerated rate, and modelling experiments show teleconnections affecting the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). In a warming climate, reduced tropical Atlantic rainfall causes salinity changes strengthening the AMOC, while other factors weaken it.

译：印度洋变暖可加强大西洋经向翻转循环

印度洋正以加速的速度变暖，模拟实验表明，遥相关影响了大西洋子午翻转环流（AMOC）。在气候变暖的情况下，热带大西洋降水减少会导致盐度变化，从而使AMOC增强，而其他因素会使AMOC减弱。

Shineng Hu & Alexey V. Fedorov

Letter | 02 September 2019

Climate change impacts on banana yields around the world

Bananas are a staple food crop and important agricultural export for many countries. Here, it is shown that global banana yields have increased historically and will continue to increase in Africa but reduced yields are expected among the larger producers.

译：气候变化对全世界香蕉产量的影响

香蕉是许多国家的主要粮食作物和重要的农业出口产品。此处显示，全球香蕉单产历史上一直在增加，并且在非洲将继续增加，但预计较大的生产国单产将降低。

Varun Varma & Daniel P. Bebber

Letter | 25 September 2019

Potential adaptive strategies for 29 sub-Saharan crops under future climate change

Future climate conditions threaten crops in sub-Saharan Africa. It is shown that most major sub-Saharan African crops have wild relatives that occur in regions better suited for future climate conditions, suggesting an opportunity for adaptation that does not require the adoption of new production systems.

译：未来气候变化下撒哈拉以南29种作物的潜在适应策略

未来的气候条件威胁着撒哈拉以南非洲的农作物。结果表明，大多数主要的撒哈拉以南非洲农作物都有野生近缘种，而这些近缘种产生在更适合未来气候条件的地区，这表明不需要采用新的生产系统的适应机会。

Samuel Pironon, Thomas R. Etherington[…] & Katherine J. Willis

Letter | 25 September 2019

Nitrogen status regulates morphological adaptation of marsh plants to elevated CO2

A 30-year dataset shows that marsh plants increased primary productivity and stem density with CO2 enrichment, but diameter and height decreased under nitrogen limitation. The addition of nitrogen reversed these changes, which is important to allow marshes to keep pace with rising sea levels.

译：氮素状态调节沼泽植物对CO2浓度升高的形态适应

30年的数据集显示，随着CO2的富集，沼泽植物提高了初级生产力和茎密度，但在氮限制下直径和高度降低。氮的添加逆转了这些变化，这对于使沼泽与海平面上升保持同步至关重要。

Meng Lu, Ellen R. Herbert[…] & J. Patrick Megonigal

Article | 02 September 2019

Climate experts’ views on geoengineering depend on their beliefs about climate change impacts

Solar geoengineering could limit temperature increase, but its use is controversial. This study shows that climate experts are more opposed to geoengineering if they expect severe global climate change damages, but are more supportive if they expect severe damages in their home country.

译：气候专家对地球工程的看法取决于他们对气候变化影响的看法

太阳能地球工程可以抑制温度的升高，但其使用引起争议。这项研究表明，在全球范围内，受访者确实更加强烈地反对地球工程，因为他们对严重的气候变化损害和全球排放量的持续增长感到担忧。但是，就个人而言，他们更关心地球对本国气候变化的严重损害，因此对地球工程更加开放。

Astrid Dannenberg & Sonja Zitzelsberger

Article | 09 September 2019

The accuracy of German citizens’ confidence in their climate change knowledge

Whether citizens are able to reject false information about climate change may depend on their confidence in their existing knowledge. This study shows that German citizens are less confident in their climate change knowledge than they should be based on their actual knowledge.

译：德国公民对气候变化知识的信心的准确性

公民是否能够拒绝有关气候变化的虚假信息，可能取决于他们对现有知识的信心。这项研究表明，德国公民对气候变化知识的信心低于应基于其实际知识的信心。

Helen Fischer, Dorothee Amelung & Nadia Said

Article | 26 August 2019

Acidification diminishes diatom silica production in the Southern Ocean

Diatoms have silicate skeletons that affect their buoyancy in the ocean. Ocean acidification reduces silicification, with varying effects between species, and could alter the marine carbon and silica cycles through changes in community composition and sinking rates.

译：酸化减少了南大洋中硅藻硅的生产

硅藻的硅酸盐骨架会影响其在海洋中的浮力。海洋酸化减少了硅化作用，在物种之间产生了不同的影响，并可能通过改变群落组成和下沉速率来改变海洋碳和二氧化硅的循环。

Katherina Petrou, Kirralee G. Baker[…] & Andrew T. Davidson

Article | 23 September 2019

Alternatives to genetic affinity as a context for within-species response to climate

Intraspecies response to climate change is expected to align with genetic affinity. Using the American pika as a case study suggests that divisions of species distributions best explain intraspecific heterogeneity in climate relationships.

译：遗传亲和力的替代品作为物种对气候的反应的背景

种内对气候变化的反应有望与遗传亲和力保持一致。以北美鼠兔为案例研究表明，物种分布的划分最能解释气候关系中种内异质性。

Adam B. Smith, Erik A. Beever[…] & Leah Yandow

猜你喜欢

扫描二维码，关注我们