JIA 2019 园艺栏目之栽培生理/资源品质篇
Overhead supplemental far-red light stimulates tomato growth under intra-canopy lighting with LEDs
✺ ZHANG Ya-ting, ZHANG Yu-qi, YANG Qi-chang, LI Tao为了促进温室蔬菜生产，补光技术被广泛使用，但对于植株较高的蔬菜作物来说顶部补光并不能有效提高中下部的光照强度，叶片的遮挡造成光照不能被中下部叶片吸收，总体光能利用率较低。株间补光能够有效提高植物株间光照强度，而本研究通过结合不同剂量顶部远红光补光改变植株形态，探究更加高效的温室补光方式。以番茄为栽培材料，株间进行红蓝光补光（红:蓝=3:1，红光波峰640nm，蓝光波峰450nm），顶部进行三个不同时间段的远红光（735nm）补光，分别为6:00–18:00（FR12），18:00–19:30（EOD-FR1.5）和18:00–18:30（EOD-FR0.5），对照组仅（CK）仅进行株间补光。研究表明，远红光补光有效促进了番茄植株的伸长，同时改变了番茄植株的叶片长宽比例，叶片伸长变窄，叶面积增加，引起了植株形态的整体改变，这种形态改变使自然光照和补光光照在番茄植株间分布更加均匀，增加了植株整体光照截获量。随着远红光补光剂量的增加，果实可溶性糖含量下降，远红光补光没有对干物质产生影响，与对照组相比，远红光处理组番茄植株干物质增加9%–16%，果实产量增加7%–12%，但是干物质积累和果实产量的增加在不同远红光处理间并没有显著性差异。这说明各个远红光处理组的番茄植株对远红光信号的感应已经达到了饱和的剂量，暗周期前短时间远红光（EOD-FR）补光在利用较少光能的同时也达到了调节植株形态增加番茄产量的目的，所以从经济角度考虑最为实用。
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| Cite this article: |
| ZHANG Ya-ting, ZHANG Yu-qi, YANG Qi-chang, LI Tao. 2019. Overhead supplemental far-red light stimulates tomato growth under intra-canopy lighting with LEDs. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(1): 62-69. |
Effects of different color paper bags on aroma development of Kyoho grape berries
✺ JI Xiao-hao, WANG Bao-liang, WANG Xiao-di, SHI Xiang-bin, LIU Pei-pei, LIU Feng-zhi, WANG Hai-bo为了探明不同颜色果袋引起的光质差异对葡萄果实香气品质发育的影响，为葡萄专用果袋的研发和葡萄香气品质调控技术提供理论依据。以6年生‘贝达’砧‘巨峰’葡萄为试材，于盛花后30d分别套红色、绿色、蓝色和白色纸质果袋，以不套袋为对照，使用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱与质谱联用技术，测定各套袋处理和对照从幼果发育期至果实成熟期挥发性组分的变化。结果表明，‘巨峰’葡萄香气物质主要包括酯类、醛类、醇类、萜烯类、酮类、酸类和烃类等七大类挥发性物质。其中酯类和醛类是主要香气物质，例如乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和反式-2-己烯醛。它们在转色后快速积累并在成熟期略有下降。红袋、绿袋、蓝袋和白袋促进了酯类香气物质的积累，并且抑制了醛类、醇类、萜烯类、酮类和酸类物质的积累。其作用效果表现为绿袋>蓝袋>红袋>白袋。荧光定量结果表明，不同颜色果袋引起的果实醛类、醇类和酯类香气含量差异是由LOX-HPL代谢途径关键基因的表达差异造成的。通过果袋颜色可以有效调控葡萄香气品质。
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| Cite this article: |
| JI Xiao-hao, WANG Bao-liang, WANG Xiao-di, SHI Xiang-bin, LIU Pei-pei, LIU Feng-zhi, WANG Hai-bo. 2019. Effects of different color paper bags on aroma development of Kyoho grape berries. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(1): 70-82. |
以猕猴桃属4个基因型（Acva-1，Acva-2，Acva-3和ZM-2）为试材，测定不同盐浓度（0, 0.4, 0.8和1.2 g L-1 NaCl）胁迫下，4份种质资源的生长、生理和生化指标对盐胁迫的响应，并根据叶片的不同受害症状，制定了盐害指数（salt damage index, SDI）的分级标准。结果表明：随着盐浓度的增加，4个猕猴桃基因型的盐害指数逐渐升高，平均新梢数量和长度均显著下降；3个抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）的活性和2个渗透调节物质（可溶性糖和脯氨酸）的含量，在4个基因型的老叶和新叶中均存在不同程度的变化；除了Acva-2基因型的新叶，SPAD值在其他基因型的老叶和新叶中均表现为下降趋势；MDA含量在4个基因型的老叶和新叶中均表现为上升趋势；根系活力表现为下降趋势。主成分分析结果表明，来自对萼猕猴桃的Acva-3基因型，对盐胁迫的抵抗能力最强，有望作为抗性资源培育猕猴桃耐盐砧木新品种。
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| ZHONG Yun-peng, QI Xiu-juan, CHEN Jin-yong, LI Zhi, BAI Dan-feng, WEI Cui-guo, FANG Jin-bao. 2019. Growth and physiological responses of four kiwifruit genotypes to salt stress and resistance evaluation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(1): 83-95. |
Protective roles of trehalose in Pleurotus pulmonarius during heat stress response
✺ LIU Xiu-ming, WU Xiang-li, GAO Wei, QU Ji-bin, CHEN Qiang, HUANG Chen-yang, ZHANG Jin-xia高温是限制食用菌生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一。了解热激响应中的生理变化及相应机制，对于培育耐热食用菌菌株至关重要。虽然海藻糖作为保护剂来抵抗真菌的非生物胁迫，但海藻糖在耐热性中的作用仍有待阐明。在本研究中，我们发现热胁迫对热敏感和热不敏感的两种肺形侧耳菌株的生长均有抑制作用，且对敏感菌株的抑制作用更为显著。热应激导致两个菌株脂质过氧化水平加剧，细胞内海藻糖积累增加，且在热敏感菌株中增加更明显，而这种作用与外源性海藻糖的添加无关。此外，相比热不敏感菌株，敏感菌株中低浓度的外源性海藻糖就可以缓解高温对菌丝生长的抑制作用，提高细胞内海藻糖的含量。因此，海藻糖对敏感菌株的保护作用更为显著。我们检测了细胞内海藻糖代谢相关酶的活性，如海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶、海藻糖磷酸化酶和中性海藻糖酶，结果表明，热敏感菌株中这些酶活性的变化比不敏感菌株更有利于海藻糖的积累。
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| LIU Xiu-ming, WU Xiang-li, GAO Wei, QU Ji-bin, CHEN Qiang, HUANG Chen-yang, ZHANG Jin-xia. 2019. Protective roles of trehalose in Pleurotus pulmonarius during heat stress response. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(2): 428-437. |
Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits
✺ XIE Bao-xing, WEI Jing-jing, ZHANG Yi-ting, SONG Shi-wei, SU Wei, SUN Guang-wen, HAO Yan-wei, LIU Hou-cheng番茄红素是番茄中主要的类胡萝卜素，作为一种强氧化剂，对人类的健康起到了很重要的作用。众所周知，光是影响番茄红素合成的重要环境因素，且红光补光可以提高番茄内的番茄红素含量。然而，蓝光是否也能促进番茄红素的合成以及光是如何调控番茄红素合成的机制目前还不清楚。本实验通过在番茄盛花期进行红蓝光补光来研究红蓝光补光对番茄红素合成的作用。结果显示，红蓝光补光可以提高番茄内的番茄红素含量且番茄红素合成途径内的关键酶基因的表达也相应的上调。光信号途径内的红光受体（PHYs）、蓝光受体（CRYs）以及光互作因子（PIFs，HY5）也受红蓝光的诱导上调或下调。红蓝光诱导光受体的上调表达，激活了光互作因子HY5和PIFs，调控PSY1基因上调表达，从而提高番茄内番茄红素的含量。本实验研究结果为进一步解析光调控番茄红素合成机制以及开发提高番茄红素生成量的农业新技术奠定了理论基础。
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| XIE Bao-xing, WEI Jing-jing, ZHANG Yi-ting, SONG Shi-wei, SU Wei, SUN Guang-wen, HAO Yan-wei, LIU Hou-cheng. 2019. Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(3): 590–598. |
Crosstalk of cold and gibberellin effects on bolting and flowering in flowering Chinese cabbage
✺ SONG Shi-wei, LEI Yu-ling, HUANG Xin-min, SU Wei, CHEN Ri-yuan, HAO Yan-wei菜心是中国南方地区广泛栽培的特产蔬菜，菜薹是其食用器官。菜薹的形成和发育（包括抽薹和开花）决定了菜心的产量，然而其抽薹开花机制仍不清楚。为了阐明菜心的抽薹开花机制，我们研究了低温和赤霉素（GA）处理及其互作对菜心薹茎伸长、抽薹时间、开花时间、激素含量及细胞形态的影响。结果表明，低温和赤霉素处理均提早了菜心的抽薹、开花时间，并促进了茎的伸长；同时低温和赤霉素共处理的菜心上述表型表现出正向的加性效应。低温处理提高了菜心茎尖中GA、吲哚乙酸和细胞分裂素的含量，并改变了茎尖细胞大小。GA合成抑制剂烯效唑处理延迟了菜心的抽薹、开花时间，并降低了株高；而GA处理可以缓解这种抑制作用。这表明低温处理通过诱导菜心茎尖中GA的合成来加速抽薹和开花。研究结果为揭示菜心抽薹开花机制提供了理论依据清秋的晚风，更会浸润每个人的思绪，她会静静地往心灵相映者深处蔓延。↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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| SONG Shi-wei, LEI Yu-ling, HUANG Xin-min, SU Wei, CHEN Ri-yuan, HAO Yan-wei. 2019. Crosstalk of cold and gibberellin effects on bolting and flowering in flowering Chinese cabbage. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(5): 992-1000. |
✺ Muhammad Ali, CHENG Zhi-hui, Sikandar Hayat, Husain Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Ghani, LIU Tao
Recently, botanical extracts are gaining popularity as biostimulants in vegetable production. In present study, the effect of aqueous garlic bulb extract (AGE) was studied on the growth and physiology of eggplant grown in plastic tunnel. AGE was foliage sprayed with various frequencies, i.e., 0, S1 (once), S2 (twice) and S3 (three times) at two independent growth stages, pre- and post-transplant. The results showed that the treated plants exhibited stimulatory responses in growth and physiology in accord with the repetition of AGE spray and growth stages of the plants, respectively. A single foliage sprayed pre-transplant resulted in improved growth, i.e., plant morphology and biomass, and enhanced antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD), photosynthesis and chlorophyll abundance observed at vegetative, first flowering and fruit setting stages, respectively. However, thrice application inhibited the plant growth and development and resulted in lipid peroxidation, i.e., increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, the post-transplant application also showed growth stimulation and interestingly, an overall positive influence was observed with respect to the AGE application and no significant increase in the MDA content indicated the post-transplant seedlings responded well. Our findings demonstrate that AGE can act as a biostimulant to enhance the eggplant growth in plastic tunnel production.
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| Muhammad Ali, CHENG Zhi-hui, Sikandar Hayat, Husain Ahmad, Muhammad Imran Ghani, LIU Tao. 2019. Foliar spraying of aqueous garlic bulb extract stimulates growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(5): 1001-1013. |
Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of roots from Malus sieversii under drought stress
新疆野苹果根系干旱胁迫下的生理变化与转录组分析
✺ GENG Da-li, LU Li-yuan, YAN Ming-jia, SHEN Xiao-xia, JIANG Li-juan, LI Hai-yan, WANG Li-ping, YAN Yan, XU Ji-di, LI Cui-ying, YU Jian-tao, MA Feng-wang, GUAN Qing-mei水分不足是制约苹果生长和生产的主要因素之一。根系结构在植物抗旱性中起着重要作用。然而，干旱条件下苹果根系的分子基础尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们比较了两个广泛使用的苹果砧木(R3和新疆野苹果)在干旱条件下的根系形态。结果表明，新疆野苹果在长期干旱条件下具有较高的根冠比和根系导水能力，因此比R3抗旱能力更强。我们进行了全基因组转录分析，以找出干旱条件下新疆野苹果根系表型的分子基础。结果表明，在干旱条件下，新疆野苹果根系中参与转录调控、激素响应与合成以及抗氧化相关的基因表达存在差异。新疆野苹果的根在干旱条件下具有较高的过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，脱落酸(ABA)含量较高，生长素含量较低，这与基因表达的趋势一致。综上所述，我们的结果揭示了新疆野苹果根对干旱的生理和转录分析。↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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GENG Da-li, LU Li-yuan, YAN Ming-jia, SHEN Xiao-xia, JIANG Li-juan, LI Hai-yan, WANG Li-ping, YAN Yan, XU Ji-di, LI Cui-ying, YU Jian-tao, MA Feng-wang, GUAN Qing-mei. 2019. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of roots from Malus sieversii under drought stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(6): 1280-1294. |
✺ YUE Xiao-feng, JU Yan-lun, TANG Zi-zhu, ZHAO Ya-meng, JIAO Xu-liang, ZHANG Zhen-wen
本试验研究了2017年叶片去除(LR)的严重程度和时间对‘Sauvignon Blanc’葡萄和葡萄酒的氨基酸组分的影响。高效液相色谱(HPLC)用于分析葡萄浆果和葡萄酒中的氨基酸谱。摘叶试验选择了三个时间点(开花后40，56和72天，分别命名为LR40，LR56和LR72)和两个程度(摘除结果母枝的第一，第三和第五基叶(50%);摘除前六个基叶(100%))。试验结果表明，摘叶对可溶性固形物(°Brix)，可滴定酸度，pH值和浆果重量的影响不大；LR72-50%处理的葡萄具有更高的浆果重量，可滴定的酸度和°Brix。LR72-50%处理的葡萄中的总氨基酸和不含脯氨酸的总氨基酸含量最高(分别为2952.58 mg L-1和2764.36 mg L-1)，LR72-100%处理的葡萄中最低(分别为2172.82 mg L-1和2038.71 mg L-1)。与对照相比，LR72-50%处理葡萄中的天冬氨酸，丝氨酸，精氨酸，丙氨酸，氨基丁酸和脯氨酸的含量均显著增加。LR72-50%，LR40-100%和LR72-100%处理的葡萄酒具有更高的总氨基酸和氨基酸组分含量，例如精氨酸，丙氨酸和丝氨酸。摘叶对葡萄和葡萄酒中的甘氨酸，酪氨酸，半胱氨酸，蛋氨酸和赖氨酸含量影响不大。本实验数据解释了摘叶的时间和程度对葡萄和葡萄酒的氨基酸组分的影响。
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| YUE Xiao-feng, JU Yan-lun, TANG Zi-zhu, ZHAO Ya-meng, JIAO Xu-liang, ZHANG Zhen-wen. 2019. Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(9): 2052-2062. |
Postharvest responses of hydroponically grown lettuce varieties to nitrogen application rate
✺ Bevly M. Mampholo, Martin Maboko, Puffy Soundy, Dharini Sivakumar
Limited information is available on the influence of preharvest N application rates on postharvest quality of different lettuce genotypes. Two green leafy lettuce (Multigreen 1 and Multigreen 3) and red leafy lettuce (Multired 4) were grown in gravel film technique and fertigated with five different N application rates: 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L–1. The 120 mg L–1 N application is commercially recommended for lettuce. After harvest, lettuce samples were packed in a bioriented poly propylene packaging (5% O2 and 5% CO2) and held at 5°C and 85% RH for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The genotypes, preharvest N application rates and storage time affected the leaf colour coordinates, phenolic acids (dicaffeoyltataric acid, caffeoyl tartaric acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) and browning enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD)). Lower rates of N application at preharvest stage showed higher weight loss with the storage time increasing in Multigreen 3. In Multigreen 1, colour coordinate b* value decreased remarkably with N application rates from 60 to 120 mg L–1due to the onset of browning during storage. While in Multigreen 3 and N application higher than 60 mg L–1 influenced the decrease in b* value. Browning occurred due to the increased activity of PAL enzyme and the availability of the substrates caftaric, chlorogenic, caffeic acids, PPO activity and production of browning pigments due to the activity of POD. Higher, N application rates (>120 mg L–1) influenced the browning mechanism and showed brownish red leaves in Multired 4 during storage. Higher ascorbic acid concentration played a role in reducing the onset of browning in the fresh cuts leaves of Mulitired 4 and Multigreen 3 fertilized with lower preharvest lower N application rates (<120 mg L–1). Preharvest N application at 90 mg L–1 retained the colour, ascorbic acid content and the phenolic acid components and extended the shelf life of Multired 4 lettuce up to 6 days.↑ 向上滑动查看更多| Cite this article: |
| Bevly M. Mampholo, Martin Maboko, Puffy Soundy, Dharini Sivakumar. 2019. Postharvest responses of hydroponically grown lettuce varieties to nitrogen application rate. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(10): 2272-2283. |
✺ Maratab Ali, LIU Meng-meng, WANG Zhen-e, LI Sheng-e, JIANG Tian-jia, ZHENG Xiao-linThe kiwifruit trees (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Bruno) were sprayed with 5 mmol L–1 oxalic acid (OA) or water (as control) at 130, 137 or 144 d after full-blossom, and then the fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at room temperature (20±1)°C for 13 d. The effect of pre-harvest spraying of OA on postharvest quality of kiwifruit was evaluated during storage. The OA spraying slowed the increase in soluble solids content (SSC) and decrease in titratable acid (TA), as well as increased contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and total-AsA accompanied with higher AsA/DHA ratio in kiwifruit during storage. Moreover, the OA spraying significantly reduced the contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol in kiwifruit, along with significant decrease in activities of enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation metabolism during the later period of storage, which was beneficial to control off-flavor associated with over accumulation of ethanol during postharvest. It was suggested that pre-harvest spraying of OA might maintain the postharvest quality of kiwifruit in relation to delay in fruit ripening, AsA maintenance and regulation of ethanol fermentation.↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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Maratab Ali, LIU Meng-meng, WANG Zhen-e, LI Sheng-e, JIANG Tian-jia, ZHENG Xiao-lin. 2019. Pre-harvest spraying of oxalic acid improves postharvest quality associated with increase in ascorbic acid and regulation of ethanol fermentation in kiwifruit cv. Bruno during storage. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(11): 2514-2520. |
Modelling seedling development using thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation
✺ ZHOU Tian-mei, WU Zhen, WANG Ya-chen, SU Xiao-jun, QIN Chao-xuan, HUO He-qiang, JIANG Fang-ling作物幼苗品质是其田间表现的先决条件，并且会影响其产量。温度和光照是育苗过程中影响秧苗品质的两个主要因素。苗床温度或光照不足，常会导致幼苗徒长或生产出瘦弱秧苗，造成严重的经济损失。若缺乏系统管理苗圃环境的知识，生产健康幼苗具有一定难度。本研究拟通过建立模拟模型来预测温度和光照协同作用对番茄和甘蓝幼苗生长的影响。首先，通过研究幼苗质量(根冠比、G值、壮苗指标)与辐热积的相关性，建立模型，并用独立的试验数据进行验证。结果表明，壮苗指数1 (HI1)和辐热积模型的曲线拟合良好，R2系数较高，说明该模型具有较高的可信度。番茄和甘蓝的HI1模拟模型分别为HI1=0.0009e0.0308 TEP−0.0015和HI1=0.0003 e0.0671 TEP−0.0003，可以用于预测在不同温度和光照条件下生长的番茄和甘蓝幼苗品质。
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| ZHOU Tian-mei, WU Zhen, WANG Ya-chen, SU Xiao-jun, QIN Chao-xuan, HUO He-qiang, JIANG Fang-ling. 2019. Modelling seedling development using thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(11): 2521-2533. |
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Journal of Integrative Agriculture (《农业科学学报》，JIA) 创刊于2002年，农业综合性英文学术期刊。由中国农业科学院与中国农学会联合主办，农业信息研究所承办。中国农业科学院副院长、中国工程院院士万建民任主编。在Elsevier-SD平台全OA出版，专注刊登作物学、园艺、植物保护、动物科学、动物医学、资源环境、食品科学、农业经济与管理等国际农业科学前沿热点领域的综述、研究论文、简报以及评述等。
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